Confict - 1780 Words

Conflict Resolution Resolving Conflict Rationally and Effectively Resolve conflict effectively, with James Manktelow Amy Carlson. In many cases, conflict in the workplace just seems to be a fact of life. Weve all seen situations where different people with different goals and needs have come into conflict. And weve all seen the often-intense personal animosity that can result. The fact that conflict exists, however, is not necessarily a bad thing: As long as it is resolved effectively, it can lead to personal and professional growth. In many cases, effective conflict resolution can make the difference between positive and negative outcomes. The good news is that by resolving conflict successfully, you can solve many of the†¦show more content†¦This person is not assertive but is highly cooperative. Accommodation is appropriate when the issues matter more to the other party, when peace is more valuable than winning, or when you want to be in a position to collect on this favor you gave. However people may not return favors, and overall this approach is unlikely to give the best outcomes. Avoiding: People tending towards this style seek to evade the conflict entirely. This style is typified by delegating controversial decisions, accepting default decisions, and not wanting to hurt anyones feelings. It can be appropriate when victory is impossible, when the controversy is trivial, or when someone else is in a better position to solve the problem. However in many situations this is a weak and ineffective approach to take. Once you understand the different styles, you can use them to think about the most appropriate approach (or mixture of approaches) for the situation youre in. You can also think about your own instinctive approach, and learn how you need to change this if necessary. Ideally you can adopt an approach that meets the situation, resolves the problem, respects peoples legitimate interests, and mends damaged working relationships. Understanding The Theory: The Interest-Based Relational Approach The second theory is commonly referred to as the Interest-Based RelationalShow MoreRelatedWhat is Confict Transformation 890 Words   |  4 Pages Conflict transformation explains that rather then getting rid of the conflict (expression or disagreement), it seeks to work at the problem from the inside out (Lederach, 1995). In this conflict stated above the root of the conflict was when the customer did not retain her information and software due to the suggestion given of performing a factory reset her computer. This problem could have been resolved when the customer first came in the store and inquired about this issue. The sale representativeRead More Causes Of The Cold War Essay608 Words   |  3 Pagesthe other side. Western Europe and the United States formed NATO,a military pact. The Soviet Union created a similar pact,the Warsaw Pact, between the states within the Soviet Union. These military coalitions put a greater threat behind the growing conficts by involving more coun tries. These military alliances were supplemented by two edicts set by the Soviet Union and the United States. The United States issued the Truman Doctrine, which stated that they would support those countries resisting communismRead MoreServing In Florida By Barbara Ehrenreich Summary848 Words   |  4 Pagesinformation because it is setting the tone of the story; serious. However, in paragraphs 16-18, Ehrenreich had kept talking about the conflict between the workers. Ehrenreich had focused a lot on how everyone of her coworkers was unhappy. Focusing on the confict so much shows how stressful everything must be and puts the reader in the authors shoes. Lastly, towards the end of the article, she had focused briefly on the information about what she does have and what is good about this job and her life. FocusingRead MoreConflict Between Interpersonal, Intra Groups And Intra Group Levels1503 Words   |  7 Pagesthe conflict as its reaction as dominating the conflict. This also c ould be apply when the personality differences affect its conflict environment. Friedman et al. (2000) state that employees which apply intregrating approaches might create less confict environment rather than employees which are dominating or avoiding in the disputes might create more conflict environment. In another studies, Chen and Ayoko as summarised in Posthuma (2012, p. 5) found that â€Å"enthusiasm is positively associated withRead MoreInternal Conflict : A Blessing And Curse For Any Organisation1249 Words   |  5 Pagesrectifying itself through conflict will allow an organisation to halt further engagement, gaining strides in attaining a sustainable future. Organisational competition, when implemented correctly, can yield beneficial results for the business. Internal confict does not always have to initiate from malicious behavior, conflict that is purposely placed to push employees by providing incentives, should allow for increase productivity. When there are competitions between employees that provide an incentiveRead MoreHistory : The Ancient World1121 Words   |  5 Pages Byzantine Empire, or Roman Empire(dictionary.com).† At the center, an empire is the domination of one state by another. The earliest city-states tried to grow stronger by taking over their neighbors land and people. This can be seen between the confict with Athens and Sparta. Greece was dominated by two powers during the 5th century: Athens and Sparta. They could be described as the democratic Athens and the military oligarchy of Sparta. However, these city states were different in many aspectsRead MoreEssay about Social Class1016 Words   |  5 PagesSociology, Edinburg Gate, Pearson Education Limited. Grusky, D. (2003).Social Stratification: Class, Race and Gender in Sociological Perspective : London,West view Press. Helaey, J. (2006). Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Class: The Sociology of Group Confict and Change; New York, Pine Forge Press. Wharton, A. (2011).The Sociology of Gender: An Introduction to Theory and Research, New York, Read MoreEssay Interpersonal Comm. Good Will Hunting1184 Words   |  5 Pagesburden as it was a gift. Initially seeing the film I enjoyed it but viewing the film in the scope of all that I have learned in this course made the viewing experience much more meaningful, as I now had a deeper understanding of Wills internal conficts, and how they directly effected his relationships, beliefs, and actions. The film is an excellent example of the issues involving interpersonal communication and how they play a part in either making or breaking our relationships. Identity perceptionRead MoreRoles And Responsibilities Of A Team Leader1666 Words   |  7 Pagesimplemented effectively without friction. This kind of leadership is highly recommended for emergency situations, as tasks can be executed in quick time with little to no errors. This is due to only one person being in command so there cannot be any conficts, as again, the leaders word is final. However, having only one leader can result in unilateral communication from top to bottom making employees ignorant and unaware of the matters. One final problem with an autocratic leader is that he/she canRead MorePresentation of Conflict in Hard Times1343 Words   |  6 PagesDiscuss the presentation of confict in the texts that you have studied In â€Å"Hard Times† by Charles Dickens, conflict is presented as the outcome of industrialisation, material prosperity and a strict utilitarian way of life. In the 1850’s when the novel was written in instalments in ‘Household Words’, Victorian England was in the age of reform, which was creating new tensions between social classes, and creating a new type of ‘master’ represented by characters such as Mr. Gradgrind and more particularly

Ivanhoe - Strenghth, Honor , and Chivalry - 1626 Words

In everybodys life there is something that makes him strive for success. That something can be money, women, fame, or many other incentives.. To the medieval knights, victory renown and glory are the ambitions they strive for. Breaking a law in this code would be considered a disgrace, and would bring a dishonor that was worse than death itself. However, by applying the Code of Chivalry, the knights in the medieval time displayed certain character traits which would secure success and honor in both battle and morality. In the book Ivanhoe, by Sir Walter Scott, a knight named Ivanhoe illustrates this by devoting his attention to keeping the rules of the Code of Chivalry, which consisted of love of adventure, integrity, and loyalty to the†¦show more content†¦If his home country of England is to lose the battles, he and his country would be disgraced. His fear of disgrace helps lead him on. Having a fear of disgrace shows the reader that having this motive can lead one on to s uccess. br brPeople can learn a lesson not only about glory, but of bravery also. Besides glory, bravery is used throughout the novel also. An example of this is when Sir Brian de Bois-Guilbert dies for Rebecca. Ivanhoe demonstrates bravery when he fights Brian to repay Rebecca for her care when he is hurt. He is also very brave when he fights for his Saxon image. Even though he is not a major character in this book, Robin Hood also shows bravery. He robs from the rich and gives to the poor which breaks certain parts in the Code of Chivalry. Through his actions, he fulfills part of the Code. He is brave and has a love of adventure in doing so, but his integrity and respect to the king is taken by his criminal actions. People can learn from these examples that sometimes being brave is not pretty. Both Sir Brian de Bois-Guilbert and Robin Hood had to suffer consequences for being brave. br brBravery is very important to knights. If they are not brave they are disgraced, which is something they fear the most. Ivanhoes motto is Death is better than defeat, this shows his fear of disgrace. Likewise, in are society there are certain people that are looked at as being a disgrace. br brIn society today there is a fear of disgrace. Becoming aShow MoreRelated Ivanhoe - Strenghth, Honor , And Chivalry Essay1586 Words   |  7 Pagesitself. However, by applying the Code of Chivalry, the knights in the medieval time displayed certain character traits which would secure success and honor in both battle and morality. In the book Ivanhoe, by Sir Walter Scott, a knight named Ivanhoe illustrates this by devoting his attention to keeping the rules of the Code of Chivalry, which consisted of love of adventure, integrity, and loyalty to the king, to name a few. These character traits of Ivanhoe coupled with strong characters and a realistic

Tobacco Control Policies- Free-Samples for Students- Myassignment

Question: Write a report on Tobacco Control Policies: Strategies, Successes, Setbacks. Answer: Introduction Tobacco and its extensive use among the people is one of the major causes of the premature death all around the world. Huge numbers of lives are claimed by the extensive use of tobacco. This issue has been prevalent since years, and yet have not been completely eradicated. Consumption of tobacco is harmful for the human body and causes deadly diseases such as cancer (Bosdriesz et al. 2015). Even with various tobacco control programs and initiatives all around the world, people have not been conscious enough to eradicate the consumption of tobacco completely. Millions of people have lost their lives in the extensive use of tobacco. World-wide tobacco prevention activities and campaigns have been taking place actively. Consciousness in all levels be it school, colleges or workplace have been growing up to ensure that public health be maintained and people refrain from the extensive use of tobacco (Bosdriesz et al. 2015). The government, along with the private organizations have initiat ed awareness campaigns, to spread the malicious effects of tobacco on the health of human beings. The tobacco control policies have been successful to some extent. Yet there are certain setbacks as well, that prevents eradication of the consumption of tobacco. Project objectives The objectives of the project are: To analyse the burden of the use of tobacco To highlight the tobacco control strategies To analyse the tobacco control success To identify the setback of the tobacco control policies To recommend enhancement of the tobacco control and prevention policies Project scope The scope of this project is wide spread. It encompasses people all around the world. This is because, the consumption and use of tobacco is a major global issue and is a major concern worldwide (Chelwa et al. 2015). People all over the world have been spreading the word of prevention against the consumption of tobacco. Initially, the issue of consumption of tobacco was aimed towards the developed countries, where the people had high affordability. However, with time, the tobacco products became easily available, thus being consumed by people of the developing countries as well (Bosdriesz et al. 2015). Thus, the scope of the project is wide and the issue highlighted is a global one. The consciousness among the people regarding the adverse effects of tobacco has been rising with time. People are becoming aware of the negative health effects of tobacco consumption (Schotte et al. 2017). With the wide spread of the awareness programs, people who are addicted to smoking and tobacco consumption are becoming more aware of the adverse health effects that they cause to their friends and family members due to passive smoking (Chelwa et al. 2015). Second hand smoking is equally harmful for the human beings. Thus people have been trying to refrain from the use of tobacco (Bosdriesz et al. 2015). However, since the issue has been prevalent for a long time, along with is wide spread, hence complete eradication might not be possible in the near future. Literature review Tobacco and its use is one of the major causes of various diseases among the youths all around the world. The extensive use of Tobacco is the single most preventable cause of various disabilities as well as deaths in UK, US and well as in Australia (Chelwa et al. 2015). More than half million people lose their lives due to premature death with the wide use of tobacco (Bosdriesz et al. 2015). Even with wide spread awareness programs all over the world, the lack of consciousness and prolonged use of tobacco has claimed millions of young lives all around the world (Moreland et al. 2016). Once, a major problem in the developed countries, the issue of the use of tobacco has hit the developing countries as well (Nargis et al. 2015). The low price of the products of tobacco, the countries with low affordability has also been able to afford tobacco products (Schotte et al. 2017). Thus, the problem that was limited to only the developed countries, have also affected the developing countries ( Bosdriesz et al. 2015). Millions of dollars are being invested in the promotion of anti-tobacco campaigns, yet the consciousness is not being spread (Chelwa et al. 2015). Smoking cigarettes is not only the most commonly used form of tobacco, but also the most harmful one. The wide spread use of cigarettes not only affects the smoker, but also has adverse effects on the passive smokers (Owili et al. 2017). Burden of the tobacco use The use of tobacco is one of the most wide spread adverse habit, that is adopted by millions of people all around the world. The public health is affected along with causing deadly diseases such as cancer (Brathwaite et al. 2015). A report highlighted the fact that most of the smokers all around the world started the habit of smoking at the age of 18 years. Thus, the main target group who fall into the prey of deadly tobacco is the young adults, who continue the habit of smoking, in the later years of their lives (Bosdriesz et al. 2015). Thus, in order to curb down the habit of smoking, the youths have to be prevented from getting into the habit itself. Tobacco control strategies One of the most effective tobacco control strategies is the tobacco control awareness programs. In the year 2007, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) released a report called Ending the Tobacco Problem, highlighted two main strategies for eliminating the use of tobacco (Schotte et al. 2017). The first is strengthening the implementing the traditional tobacco control measures (Bosdriesz et al. 2015). The second startgey is to change the regulatory policies, to incorporate policy innovations. The goals of the tobacco control program include the following: Prevention of the youths from getting into the habit of smoking or consumption of tobacco in any other form (Brathwaite et al. 2015) Promotion of the quitting movement of consumption of tobacco among the youths as well as the adults Elimination of the exposure to passive smoking (Owili et al. 2017) Identification of disparities related to tobacco, and its elimination Assisting the smokers to quit the habit of tobacco consumption (Schotte et al. 2017) Spreading the light of awareness among more people It is important that tobacco prevention programs be conducted in the schools as well as colleges, such that consciousness among the youths could be incorporated. The prevention of the use of tobacco is to be initiated in the initial years of adulthood, such that they are prevented from entering into the consumption of tobacco (Bosdriesz et al. 2015). Moreover, along with the initiative of the government, the schools and colleges also has a major role to play, to create consciousness among the youths and young adults. Another strategy that could be adopted by the government is to impose high tax on the products containing tobacco (Moreland et al. 2016). This will result in increase in the price of the products, thus deflecting most of the youths from consuming tobacco. The media has also been sufficiently active in preventing the extensive use of tobacco (Schotte et al. 2017). Tobacco control success The tobacco control policies have achieved considerable success with time. According to a report, the rate of consumption of tobacco has decreased significantly from the 1990s to 2003 (Henderson et al. 2016). This decline in the rate of tobacco consumption could be considered as the success of the tobacco control policies (Schotte et al. 2017). In the year 2012, only 6.7% of the students of middle school were recorder to use tobacco once in 30 days (Wipfli et al. 2016). Thus, the significant dip in the consumption of tobacco is considered to be the success of the tobacco control policies (Ribisl et al. 2016). The enhancement of the public health and the awareness that has been spread all over the world is the success of the tobacco control policies (Bosdriesz et al. 2015). Creating smoke free environment The smoke free laws ensure that the public places and workplaces are kept smoke free. This is helpful in preventing passive smoking. This also encourages people to quit the extensive use of tobacco in the public places (Brathwaite et al. 2015). Along with reducing the health impact, this policy helps in reducing the environmental pollution as well. Restricted access of the youths to the point of sale Another initiative that has been successful in the tobacco control policy is the restricted access of the youths to the point of sales (Schotte et al. 2017). Shops selling tobacco products are prevented to be set up at places near schools and colleges (Schotte et al. 2017). Moreover, the youths also have restricted access to the point of sales of tobacco, such that they could be prevented from the extensive use of tobacco (Bosdriesz et al. 2015). Tobacco control setbacks However, active initiatives are being taken all over the world and the tobacco prevention campaigns are being conducted, yet there are certain setbacks in the tobacco control policies (Moreland et al. 2016). The setbacks include the lack of complete eradication of the use of tobacco and prevention of the deadly diseases caused by them (Nargis et al. 2015). Moreover, even after various campaigns and awareness programs, the people are not able to quit the habit of smoking or consumption of tobacco in any other form (Ribisl et al. 2016). Though the death rates due to the consumption of tobacco, has decreased, however, it is not completely mitigated. Figure 1: Selected tobacco control policies, 2010 (Source: "Tobacco Free Initiative", 2017 ) Tobacco control initiatives in Australia The initiative of Tobacco control in Australia could be traced back at 1997, when the National Tobacco Campaign was launched. This was the first initiative taken against the extensive use of tobacco (Yong et al. 2015). In 1999, the changes to tobacco exercise were made. In the year 2000, the Australian government banned smoking inside the cafes as well as the restaurants that are not recognized as smoking zones (Ribisl et al. 2016). This major initiative was taken by the Australian government to ban the extensive use of tobacco (Schotte et al. 2017). In the year 2004, the New South Wales (NSW), announced that consumption of tobacco and smoking indoors or in licence premises would be phased out by 2007. In 2005, the commencement of the anti-smoking campaigns was a major initiative and it reduced the extensive consumption of tobacco to a notable extend. In 2006, the Australian government made it compulsory to include the health warnings on the tobacco packaging (Yong et al. 2015). This initiative was taken such that the smokers could at least be made aware of the harmful effctes of tobacco, while they indulge in tobacco consumption. In 2006, ACCC National tobacco campaign was launched in Australia. This initiative was also an important one in preventing the ectensive use of tobacco among the people of Australia (Ribisl et al. 2016). In 2007, it was compulsory to ensure that the enclosed public places such as clubs, restaurants, casinos and nightclubs were made smoke free (Schotte et al. 2017). In 2008, the government of Australia increased the amount of penalty imposed on selling tobacco as well as non-tobacco smoking products to the minors. Thus, the shops selling the tobacco products, refrained from selling these to the minors (Ribisl et al. 2016). This, to some extend prevented the minors from indulging into the habit of smoking and tobacco consumption. Even though various initiatives are being taken, yet the eradication of the use of tobacco could not be achi eved (Yong et al. 2015). In 2009, a ban was imposed on smoking inside the cars, having children. This prevented the risk of passive smoking of the children. In 2010, the tax imposed on tobacco and its products were increased by 25%. This resulted in the increase in the price of the tobacco products, thus preventing the people to indulge in extensive consumption of tobacco. In 2012, the initiative of the Smoke-free environment Act 2000 prohibited smoking in public places, other than the designated smoking zones. This initiate was an effective one and ensured that passive smoking or second hand smoking was prevented (Schotte et al. 2017). In 2012, the plain packing initiative was launched in Australia (Greenland et al. 2016). Plain tobacco packing refers to the standardized and homogenous packing that ensures that all branding is removed. This includes the removal of colours, images, trademarks, company logo and print only health warnings and the intoxicating effects of tobacco (Green land et al. 2016). This initiative aims to remove all branding of the products containing tobacco, along with spreading consciousness among the people. The plain packing initiative has also been successful to some extend to reduce the extensive use of tobacco. Recommendations Various recommendations are proposed in order to enhance the rate of success of the tobacco control and reduce the rate of setback all around the world. It is recommended that the schools and colleges take initiative to prevent the students from consuming tobacco extensively (Chelwa et al. 2015). Moreover, it is also recommended that the schools and colleges take strict actions against the students found to consume tobacco (Schotte et al. 2017). The government could identify smoking zones, beyond which consumption of tobacco will impose high penalty. Along with the government, the parents of the young adults have to be alert and monitor them to prevent the use of tobacco (Bosdriesz et al. 2015). Plain packing should be encouraged and other countries in the world who have not yet implemented this policy could make it mandatory (Greenland et al. 2016). Plain packing will ensure that no branding of the tobacco products are done, along with ensuring that the health warning are given in b ig fonts, thus attempting to spread consciousness among the people. The people also have to be conscious enough (Chelwa et al. 2015). They should spread the awareness against the consumption of tobacco, thus preventing passive smoking in public places, which are not smoking zones (Henderson et al. 2016). Increasing the unit price of the tobacco products is also recommended, such that the youths refrain from the consumption of tobacco (Schotte et al. 2017). Conduction of mass media education and awareness campaigns that are endorsed by the celebrities and famous personalities will attract more people towards the campaign. Reducing the tobacco use disparities is also recommended. Conclusion The use of tobacco has been controlled to a large extent; however, the complete prevention has not been possible yet. The world health organization has taken various initiatives to spread consciousness among the people all over the world, such that the people could be made conscious regarding the adverse effects of consumption of tobacco (World Health Organization 2015). This assignment attempts to highlight the adverse effects of consumption of tobacco, along with the tobacco control policies, its success and setback. It is seen that the tobacco control policies taken up by the government as well as the private organizations are effective and the issue has been reduced in intensity. The recommendations mentioned in this assignment could be followed such that the initiatives of the government could be made successful. Lack of consciousness among all will doom the positive step that is taken against the use of tobacco. However, the complete eradication of the issue will not be possibl e, if each human being in the society is not determined to end the curses of tobacco from the world. References Bosdriesz, J.R., Willemsen, M.C., Stronks, K. and Kunst, A.E., 2015. Patterns of Tobacco Control Policy Progress in 27 European Countries.Tobacco Regulatory Science,1(3), pp.254-264. Brathwaite, R., Addo, J., Smeeth, L. and Lock, K., 2015. A systematic review of tobacco smoking prevalence and description of tobacco control strategies in Sub-Saharan African countries; 2007 to 2014.PLoS One,10(7), p.e0132401. Chelwa, G., van Walbeek, C. and Blecher, E., 2015. Evaluating South Africa's Tobacco Control Initiative: A Synthetic Control Approach.Economic Research Southern Africa Working Paper Series 2015, Working Paper,566. Greenland, S.J., Johnson, L. and Seifi, S., 2016. Tobacco manufacturer brand strategy following plain packaging in Australia: implications for social responsibility and policy.Social Responsibility Journal,12(2), pp.321-334. Henderson, P.N., Roeseler, A., Moor, G., Clark, H.W., Yazzie, A., Nez, P., Nez, C., Sabo, S. and Leischow, S.J., 2016. Advancing smoke-free policy adoption on the Navajo Nation.Tobacco control,25(Suppl 1), pp.i26-i31. Moreland-Russell, S., Combs, T., Schroth, K. and Luke, D., 2016. Success in the city: the road to implementation of Tobacco 21 and Sensible Tobacco Enforcement in New York City.Tobacco control,25(Suppl 1), pp.i6-i9. Nargis, N., Thompson, M.E., Fong, G.T., Driezen, P., Hussain, A.G., Ruthbah, U.H., Quah, A.C. and Abdullah, A.S., 2015. Prevalence and patterns of tobacco use in Bangladesh from 2009 to 2012: evidence from International Tobacco Control (ITC) study.PloS one,10(11), p.e0141135. Owili, P.O., Muga, M.A., Pan, W.C. and Kuo, H.W., 2017. Indoor secondhand tobacco smoke and risk of under-five mortality in 23 sub-Saharan Africa countries: A population based study and meta-analysis.PloS one,12(5), p.e0177271. Ribisl, K.M., DAngelo, H., Evenson, K.R., Fleischhacker, S., Myers, A.E. and Rose, S.W., 2016. Peer Reviewed: Integrating Tobacco Control and Obesity Prevention Initiatives at Retail Outlets.Preventing chronic disease,13. Schotte, K., Commar, A., Blecher, E. and Prasad, V., 2017. Global challenges in tobacco control.salud pblica de mxico,59, pp.5-7. Tobacco Free Initiative. (2017).World Health Organization. Wipfli, H., Chu, K.H., Lancaster, M. and Valente, T., 2016. Three Eras in Global Tobacco Control: How Global Governance Processes Influenced Online Tobacco Control Networking.Global health governance: the scholarly journal for the new health security paradigm,10(2). World Health Organization, 2015.The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control: 10 years of implementation in the African Region. World Health Organization. Yong, H.H., Borland, R., Hammond, D., Thrasher, J.F., Cummings, K.M. and Fong, G.T., 2015. Smokers reactions to the new larger health warning labels on plain cigarette packs in Australia: findings from the ITC Australia project.Tobacco control, pp.tobaccocontrol-2014.

Technological Innovations for New Methods of Production

Introduction Technology has dominated most organizations over the last couple of decades. Globalization has led to increased competition among organizations. As a result, organizations have been prompted to adopt technological innovation to improve their productivity and maintain their competitive advantage.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Technological Innovations for New Methods of Production specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Innovation refers to the application of new ways of producing and offering services in order to meet the market requirements (Betz, 2011). Customers are known to go for products that satisfy most of their needs. Organizations introduce new methods of production to meet their consumer needs. This article focuses on the ways an organization can acquire manufacturing productivity through technological innovations. Technological innovation Technological innovation refers to development of novel technology products, whereby the existing technology is improved by introducing better and extensive applications. It is important to note that innovation is the life-blood of any organization that wishes to succeed in the current business environment. Technology determines the competitiveness of a business organization. It also improves and increases the level of productivity in an organization. In addition, innovation helps in boosting an organization’s economic prosperity, thereby strengthening its financial position in the global market. Therefore, it can be concluded that the competitiveness of an organization, its technological improvement, economic and business success are dependent on innovation. This further emphasizes that innovation is the life-blood of organizations (Libecap Thursby, 2008). An organization is able to produce goods and services that satisfy most of their consumer needs through innovation. Most manufacturing industries have adopted technology to i mprove their productivity. Some manufacturing firms have even gone a notch higher to adopt technological innovation. Technological innovation is mostly important for small enterprises since it helps them strengthen their position in the global market.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Organizations that adopt technology in their manufacturing activities are in a better position to use equipment that is more enhanced. The firms are also able to adopt business strategies that enable them produce goods that are customized to meet the needs of specific consumers. This is important in that it enhances the differentiation strategies of an organization, thereby giving it a competitive advantage over its rivals. Another benefit that manufacturing companies get as a result of adopting technological innovation is the fact that they are able to improve production efficiency in every stag e of production. Technological innovation helps such firms reduce run times, inspection times, as well as set up times. Consequently, their productivity efficiency is improved greatly (OECD, 2001). One specific benefit of reducing set up times is that an organization is able to switch from producing one item to another and incur less cost. An organization that adopts technological innovation is required to use more advanced equipment. Consequently, the firm has to hire people who possess high level of skills to operate the machinery. Such people should have the ability to solve technical problems. In addition, people who have these kinds of skills are also capable of innovating. This further boosts the productivity of the organization since skilled human resource will produce high quality and innovative goods (International Labour Office, 2008). An organization is able to produce in high quality and within the shortest time by adopting technological innovation production. The genera l population has increased, thus demand has also gone up. Meeting the increasing demand and ensuring quality at the same time is a source of competitive advantage to a business organization. Conclusion Technological innovation has become a dominant factor in the globalization era. This is an era where the level of competition in the business world has increased, thereby creating competitive pressures on organizations. Manufacturing organizations should adopt technological innovation to survive the competition. This will help manufacturing firms improve their production, as well as improve the quality of their products.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Technological Innovations for New Methods of Production specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reference List Betz, F 2011, Managing technological innovation: Competitive advantage from change, Wiley, Hoboken, NJ International Labour Office 2008, Skills for improved produ ctivity, employment growth and development: International Labour Conference, 97th session, 2008: fifth item on the agenda / International Labour Office, International Labour Office, Geneva Libecap, GD, Thursby, M 2008, Technological innovation: Generating economic results, Elsevier JAI, Amsterdam OECD 2001 Innovation and productivity in services, OECD Publishing, Paris This essay on Technological Innovations for New Methods of Production was written and submitted by user Shane Winters to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Pagkakatulad at Pagkakaiba ng Annulment at diborsyo Introduction free essay sample

An irregular student is one who is unable to follow the subject sequence of the subjects outlined in the program curriculum, due to reasons of failure, dropping, leave of absence, and/or shifting. The program may or may not be finished within the immediate prescribed number of semesters/years. Irregular students handle their own time, they are to fix their desired schedule on their own, so if he or she is lucky enough, he or she can choose a class that suites his or her preferences. Irregular students are oftentimes the ones who have the most friends because they get to meet and stay with new sets of classmates every semester, if they choose a different class each semester. But not all are can adapt easily to the many changes that go with being an irregular student , thinking that they are better off focusing on passing the subject on their own to get back to where they were really supposed to be. We will write a custom essay sample on Pagkakatulad at Pagkakaiba ng Annulment at diborsyo Introduction or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What are the causes of being an irregular student? What are its effects to the students who are in this situation? How does it feel to be an irregular? What are the advantages and disadvantages of being one? How does being an irregular affect a student’s social life and studies? The first thought that comes in mind when students see an irregular student is perhaps they failed the subject they were supposed to be in. Their reasons may vary. And one could probably be failure to meet the requirements of his past subjects but is not always the case. There are also other reasons that cause these students to be in this certain situation. This research will give a clear statement on the life of irregular students in the Institute of Computing in the University of Southeastern Philippines. This research involves a number of students that can surely relate to this certain situation. II. Body III. Conclusion Year Level: It is more likely for Institute of Computing students to be an irregular during their freshmen year, which has a 53 percentage of students being irregular during that year and the most unlikely year for IC students to be an irregular is 3rd year college, since it only has a 16 percent chance of being an irregular during that year. Gender: Based on our data collected female students have a percent of becoming an irregular student since they are 58 percent more than males which only has 42 percent. Type of Subject: Students become an irregular mostly on major subjects which has an 84 percent value higher than minor subjects which only has 16 percent. Reasons: IC students’ most likely reason for failing is getting a failing mark and being given an INC or failure due to absences by the professor, by which failing mark has 25% and INC has 23% both are the two highest reasons chosen among the other reasons prepared and listed by the interviewees, the lowest reason for a student to become a irregular would be the mismatch of course.

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buy custom Cyber Security essay Cyber security is concerned with stopping information from being stolen or tampered with. It also ensures that information gets to the intended users. An unauthorized person may tamper with private information, thus causing a lot of damage to institutions. Various security check mechanisms are applied to safeguard computers from hackers. The human factor is one of the key factors that make cyber security be enhanced. Being inquisitive by nature human beings cant help wanting to have access to all sorts of information. They alter systems for malicious purposes, thus causing others to suffer, or even tamper with information stored in criminal investigation departments. Many computer viruses are spread through the use of USB sticks. Once plugged in, they leave viruses which begin to multiply and attack other computers when files are sent over the Internet. It is wise to have programs that guide people on how to administer security systems on their computers which protect them from hackers. One of the ways to safeguard against an intrusion attempt is to use complex passwords and codes which should be kept secret. If possible, the codes should be changed regularly so that hackers ar kept from exercising their knowledge (Beck, 2002). It is imperative to consider the people who use the Internet-connected computers and the line of the users they share because it helps spotting risks that are associated with cyber crime. Some computers are vulnerable because their owners tend to be excessively gullible. Systems should be used to protect computers fully because when one is found hacking, he is answerable for breaching policies on configuration. Data segregation should be used because it helps privatize information. Good design of systems should be used because use of substandard experts only disguises you from accessing real systems. Topic 2 Security Misconception Many Internet users feel that simply because the websites they are using are secure, they are secure too. This is a misconception that endangers their work and makes them vulnerable to a hacker attack. It is imperative to personalize a computer by using security check systems that bar malicious entrants into your computer. Generation of codes and user names that are only known to the user is vital because it keeps off hackers. Firesheep is an extension to Firefox that allows cyber criminals to access other people information through the use of a Wi-Fi connection. It hijacks a persons identity from any insecure log-in attempt. This is an indication that one should not be gullible to feel that he or she is secure from hackers simply because he is using a public website. It is advisable to use an encrypted session if one is using a public network because it ensures a secure connection. In cyber crimes, key loggers are frequently used which capture every key stroke on your computer. This is also an indication that one needs to use a system that is capable of identifying and neutralizing a key logger before it captures ones passwords and user names. It is imperative to update signature date of the antivirus software installed on ones computer. Some antispyware can effectively counter key loggers, so it is vital to know the right one to use it for full protection. Users need to deploy additional layers of protection. This will helps them identify and remove threats in their computers before personal information is stolen. Buy custom Cyber Security essay

Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass Essay

Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass - Essay Example One of the most pervasive feelings Douglass expresses is the utter lack of hope and meaning in the face of horrid life experiences. In chapter 10, Douglass experiences terrible conditions when living with Mr. Covey. Because Douglass is inexperienced as a field hand he goes through physical abuse at the hands of Mr. Covey that leads him to express his feelings. Douglass states, â€Å"I was broken in body, soul, and spirit. My natural elasticity was crushed, my intellect languished, the disposition to read departed, the cheerful spark that lingered about my eye died; the dark night of slavery closed in upon me; and behold a man transformed into a brute!† (Douglass, p. 105). This is a highly pivotal expression of feelings not merely to the chapter, but to the entire text as it demonstrates the mental and emotional transformation that Douglass has undergone through this experience. It is notable in that it demonstrates that slavery did not simply exploit disenfranchised individual s, but systematically worked to break down and destroy their sense of self and will. As Douglass experiences tremendous horrors in chapter 10, he ultimately resolves to escape. The process of Douglass escape is detailed in chapter 11. Douglass’ thoughts in this chapter are essential as they detail the stringent resolution he faces when confronting the challenges of escape. Douglass goes as far as to deride the Underground Railroad as being a short-term alternative that strengthens slave owners’ resolves. In a seminal quote Douglass expresses his feeling, â€Å"The wretchedness of slavery, and the blessedness of freedom were perpetually before me. It was life and death with me† (Douglass, pg. 122). This is a pivotal statement as it reveals the profound change Douglass has experienced throughout the narrative. Douglass has gone from an individual that has attempted to survive the abhorrent conditions of slavery to one that recognizes his freedom is his only choice.

Analysis of Hayek's The Road to Serfdom Term Paper

Analysis of Hayek's The Road to Serfdom - Term Paper Example Ultimately, Hayek believes that these two states and others did not intend to go down this road to serfdom; however, he thinks, it is the natural result of a certain philosophy and a particular concept of freedom. These inconsistent ideas make possible the kind of unjust distribution and allocation of resources resulting in the tyrannical socialist state: where conflict is unstopping, economic principles are ignored, and suffering is taken to be the norm. Hayek intended the content and theories in this work not only to apply to the climate in which he wrote it but to the condition of societies as they exist decades and even centuries into the future. Hayek begins his work with a worry: that socialism and central planning is essentially a â€Å"road to serfdom† and that if one goes along this road, one will be traveling down the same road as the most brutal totalitarian states of the 20th century. Citing Hitler’s 1941 proclamation that â€Å"basically National Socialism and Marxism are the same†, Hayek begins his work with that basic theme. ... Using this thrust of the argument, Hayek analyzes the central planning aspect of many economies in the world. If societies might be better off using a spontaneous order, then what is the purpose of a central plan, Austrian economists might argue. The idea of spontaneous order is inherent in the â€Å"invisible hand† economic proposal in Adam Smith’s The Wealth of Nation; however, Hayek elaborates on the likelihood of acting on more complete information in the case of spontaneous order, whereas the centralized authority operates on a limited set of information, attempting to make decisions affecting the economy. Hayek’s second chapter deals with something he calls â€Å"The Great Utopia†, which is a reference to the socialist state that utilizes central planning. The most important part of this section is the argument that socialism and communism together are â€Å"an illusion† (Hayek 165). That is, they are merely the first step in a process that ul timately ends in fascism and tyranny. This is the lack of agreement on the ends but an agreement on the means.  Ã‚  

Protestant Ethic And The Spirit Of Capitalism

Protestant Ethic And The Spirit Of Capitalism Karl Heinrich Marx (Karl Marx), a philosopher, historian, sociologist, political theorist and journalist who developed the theory of Marxism. His sociological ideas have played a significant role in the understanding and development of social sciences and Marxist political movements. Marxist theories about society, politics, economy and culture signify that the culture gets progressed through dialectic of class efforts. On the other hand, Karl Emil Maximilian Max Weber (Max Weber) was another economist and sociologist of Germany who got profoundly influenced by the sociology along with its theory and research findings. He became famous for the notion in economic sociology that was completely elaborated in his book on The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. This essay provides an insight about the concept of progress together with its comparison, by considering the opinions and views of the two sociologists depicted above. Specifically, the present essay concentrates on the cultural theorists who are interested in the process of social development as a whole and understands the concept of progress relative to this context. In the reconsideration of this concept of progress, Karl Marx (1818-1883) grew highly influential as he started attacking the dominant philosophic and idealistic traditions pertaining to German Science and Philosophy with his inspection of the economies related to France, Germany and England as well as the emergence class associated to these countries. According to Marx, a man creates and reflects himself by the labour processes and develops awareness not only about himself but also his social characteristic features in relation to other individuals in the society. Nevertheless, a mans association to his labour and to himself, nature and other people was been highly disturbed through the establishment of Division of Labour as highly and well-organised means of production that subsequently resulted in mans estrangement from his own labour. This context of alienation was intensified further with the considerable development of capitalist mode of production where in which worker was fur ther divided from his dynamic labour through industrialists ownership in means of production. Thus, Marx asserts that individuals progress towards self realisation has been stymied by the development of capitalism-a structure of economic associations that utilize working mans labour in the name of proceeds (profits) and isolates man from other individuals and himself in a way through the conflict between the proleterian and bourgeois classes. But, in Marxs historical explanation, the bourgeois class development and the specific capitalistic mode of production is an obligatory step towards the category of society where the individual may once again obtain the origin for his perspective of self-realisation: communism. These enhancements of production forces, a construction of mans ability, find its restrictions in the association of power and contraindication of dominance. Thus, he meets the necessary criterion with the explanatory belief of self-realisation by his investing analysis of conflicts entrenched within social and economic construction of capitalism. In addition, Marx expands the idea of false-consciousness by recognising the class that is unable to direct their true interests associated to well-being, self realisation and exploitation. By developing consciousness among the proletarians class, the utilisation of human reason in understanding the characteristic nature and cause of exploitation as private possession of the ways of fabrication in capitalist society. Nevertheless, it can be understood that it is the subjugated use of reason, allied with Marxs philosophy of material practice that can result in the development of freedom to humans and thus assist them in achieving progress. Lastly, the use and application of human reasoning as critiques with the faith in religious salvation, can be considered as human means for transforming their materialistic social situations and commence the re-arrival of enlightenment promise of freedom, which in Marxs perspective was been impeded and succeeded by the estrangement and exploitation conditions that manifest within the capitalistic society. Contrastingly, Max Weber (1864-1920) considered seriously about the emerging dilemmas from the socio cultural and political state of affairs in Germany and criticised purely the historical materialistic concept of explanations. Within his book The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, Weber instead depicts a more conceivable and pragmatic explanation that the materialization of capitalism owed much to the specific patterns of religious motivational explanations in Calvinism between various industrialists at that period. As these people (Calvinists) believed that gods knowledge and astuteness was immeasurable to human minds, deliverance and resistance cannot be anticipate confidently as a reward for ones inherent merits. In this uncertainty, the preachers of Calvinism can only offer their valuable suggestions in a way that expertise in ones worldly calling can be assumed to be as a spot of celestial errand. This consequential methodology of hard work, methodological planning and reinvesting profits then led to success within business and economic growth. In Webers edifying history writings, the principal theme is the rationalisation, the long-standing trend in Western societies towards considering every segment of social activity more acquiescent to calculation. He asserts that, in increasing yearn for achieving mastery over meeting human needs (by maximisation of efficiency, predictability and control) an individual drives the rationalisation process. Unlike Marx, Weber direct that rationalisation cannot advance identically and concomitantly in every sphere and instead each individual sphere is rationalised in its own specific direction that is unique and different. In the spiritual sphere, the process of rationalisation advances with the deflation and the exclusion of magic through logical expansion and the realistic descriptions of Protestantism, especially the abstinent material performances. Different to Marx, Weber describes that rationalisation i n economic sphere discovers itself in the modern bourgeois capitalism (Marx view of capitalistic progress) and the critical utilisation of reasoning in the computation of quest of yields. Additionally, Weber explains that the progress in administrative sphere can be directed only through a guided reckoning, impartiality and competence. In the intellectual sphere, progress was thought to be achieved by the aid of scientific methods, testing skills, experiential data collection because theories that are imitative through scientific reasoning supersede to those that are previously attributed to magical causes. However, this particular enlightenment ideology of motive and self realisation is distinguishable with that of Marxs view of progress and is still qualified by Weber by the rationalisation itself. Compared to Marx perspective, the rationalisation and progress according to Weber involve the positive features of effectiveness, manageability, uniformity, unavoidability and impartiality. These positive aspects of rationalisation can result in enhanced capacity, the development of capacity and power relations and thereby assists in attaining progress in each sphere depicted above. Unlike Marx, rationalisation in economic perspective as witnessed in Western Capitalism was been considered by Weber as the process of reasoning out unreasonable sentiments that hamper accrual and estimation of profit, progress and sentiments like faith, thoughtfulness solidarity and apprehension. Similarly, the rationalisation in administrative view by bureaucracy has led to dehumanisation of relationships amid of personnel surrounded by objective regulations of conduct that enhance competence, reduce prejudice and produce reliable, expected results. Moreover, the phenomenon of rationalisation in politic al perception develops a conflict with the human involvement in the form of democracy and comprises people supremacy with the influence of outside and external forces. Thus, it can be understood that Weber paints an austere picture of dehumanised relationships, where in which love, compassion and human relations are weeded out in rationalised links that promote regularity, impartiality and efficiency. Distinct to Marx, with this, Weber provides a critical analysis to the Enlightenment appeal, not only indicating the positive facets of rationalisation but also its negative implications. To conclude this interpretation of progress among the two cultural theorists, the approach of modernity, radical discontinuity and the possibility of complete self realisation were figured within the work of each theorist. Simply, it can be explained as for Marx, the progress lies in the advancement of society including economic production methods that dialectically result to its radical oust and a societal reconstruction, a revolutionary shatter from the pre-existing forms of history. Towards the other side, the split is in conventional forms of movement and organisation through rationalisation for Weber. Rather, human maturity and its development in Marxs view dictated radical variance and structural modifications, Whilst Weber view embodied an emerging tension between ideals of competence and distant relations versus unreasonable principles of human love, consideration and faith. Thus, this process of progress and rationalisation still persists for critical discussion in future as all the social practices and principles strive to conceal their embarrassment with power just in their way of changing domination.

Alice In Wonderland - Nonsense? :: essays research papers

Lewis Carroll’s works Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland & Through the Looking Glass and What Alice Found There are by many people considered nonsense books for children. Of course, they are, but they are also much more. Lewis Carroll had a great talent of intertwining nonsense and logic, and therefore creating sense within nonsense. If you look past the nonsense you can find a new meaning other than the one you found completing your third grade book report. You find that the books are full of references and parallel aspects of Victorian Society such as topics of etiquette, education, and prejudice, and through these topic’s is shown a child’s ability to survive in a hostile world. By this last statement I am referring to Cohen’s comment that â€Å"Wonderland† (published in1865) captures â€Å"the disappointments, fears, and bewilderment that all children encounter in their dealings with authoritarian, pompous and mystifying adults† whic h Wonderland seems to have no deficiency of. Throughout the story Carroll portrays his views on the education of the times. He make’s â€Å"morals and tales of obedience†(Brown,May Lee) seem nonsensical by the character of the Duchess and Alice’s preoccupation with her lessons. The Duchess keeps insisting to Alice that â€Å"Everything’s got a moral, if only you can find it†(Wonderland, 70), but with morals like â€Å"mustard and dogs both bite†(Wonderland, 70) you can see this rule is not quite right. â€Å"The absurdity of such a character†(Brown,May Lee) trying to teach Alice anything is a parody of what Carroll thought about the lessons children were being taught. Also â€Å"Alice refers to her lessons and her education, usually very proud of the learning that she has acquired. It seems, however, that the information that she remembers from her lessons is usually either wrong or completely useless.†(Brown, May Lee) All of Alice’s knowledge seems to consist mainly of maxims and morals about obedience and safety, which Carroll considers very limited. In the books Carroll also inserts many verses that were parodies of former verses for children. He rewrites them in pure nonsense having no moral or meaning other than pure amusement. â€Å"This rejection of typical Victorian manners and education of children supports one of the themes in his Alice books, the idea that a child’s imagination has value.†(Brown, May Lee) Another view Carroll shows through the eyes of Alice is his thoughts on prejudice. In a scene from Alice in Wonderland the cook is violently hurling saucepans, plates, dishes and what ever else she can get her hands on at the Duchess and the baby.

Effect of static label on a customer Essay

Effect of static label on a customer Introdution            Static labels give directions to the user for example the oil change labels instruct the user on when to change the oil and it is not difficult to remove or reposition those stickers and they don’t leave stains on consumers service wherever they are applied. On smooth service or on glass they look very attractive and thus pleasing the user. They should not stay on the surface applied more than one year. Static labels are used by both big and small businesses. Static labels can be applied to a variety of services because of its static holds both side of the service (Kraurup, Russel 2005). They have greater advantage to the consumer because the labels can be re-applied again and no adhesives are used            An application frequently uses static controls when labeling several other controls or sorting out a group of controls (Kraurup, Russel 2005). The above static control are termed as static labels and they influence the interactions of the customers and the application, there are four major types of static control static labels .They incude text static label , graphic static labels,image static labels and owner drawn static label. Despite the fact that static labels are normally child windows, it becomes hard to select them (Kraurup, Russel 2005).Thus, they cannot be able to accept the keyboard focus also they can have interface of the key board.  A basic graphic static label shows a filled rectangle that can be drawn in many style that include white black or grey. Frames can also be designed to give three dimensional outlook by the use of etched style . the frames must be filled a single color of the five . Applications can also get back a grip to the object of a graphic which is connected with the static label. An owner static label permit an application so that it can be to be accountable for bringing a static control.            Static labels are used mainly because of the static bonding they cause. This is widely used in labeling of products e.g. a stack of newspapers or magazines as it prevents them from shifting during transportation (Kraurup, Russel 2005). The labels cause an electrostatic charge, which in turn makes the materials to bond temporarily. This ensures they stick together during transportation hence making handling easier.            Customers prefer these labels mainly because they do not leave residues on windows especially: as long as the surface is smooth and non-porous (Kraurup, Russel 2005).These static cling labels are also readable even from a distance. Another important aspect of the static labels is that they can hold on to their surface for a long time without having to worry it will come out due to environmental factors like wind (Kraurup, Russel 2005).            For business/ industrial customers, these static labels are of critical importance because they will not have to worry about labels on their products coming out during transportation especially with the long lines of distribution (Kraurup, Russel 2005).            This electronic charge may have negative effects on the customer and humans in general. Some of these labels may produce a huge charge causing shocks on the users. Reference Krarup, S., & Russell, C. S. (2005). Environment, information and consumer behaviour. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Source document

Adversity in Film and Literature Essays

Adversity in Film and Literature Essays Adversity in Film and Literature Essay Adversity in Film and Literature Essay As William Arthur Ward once said, â€Å"Adversity causes some men to break; others to break records.† Adversity is defined as a difficult situation of misfortune or tragedy (Merriam- Webster.) In â€Å"Lamb to the Slaughter† by Roald Dahl, Mary Maloney is faced with misfortune when her husband decides to leave her and her unborn baby, resulting in her murdering him.At Prince Prospero’s party in the short story â€Å"The Masque of Red Death’ by Edgar Allen Poe, adversity and death find him and his guests. In Shakespeares play, Othello, Othello is convinced by Iago that his wife is a cheating on him with another man. In William Broyles Jr.’s Castaway, Chuck Noland crash lands on a deserted island and is left alone with his thoughts and volleyball named Wilson. Throughout Lord of the Flies by William Golding, Ralph and Jack battle for complete power over each other and the island they’ve been stranded on. As Elie is living through the Holocaust , he is conflicted with the idea of leaving or staying by his father’s side in Elie Wiesel’s Night. All of these sources show that through adversity, a person’s true character is brought to light. It’s also seen in contrasting patterns of foolishness and determination. When faced with adversity, one often exhibits foolish behavior. When Mary Maloneys husband announces that he is leaving her, she foolishly acts out of rage and murders him. Her life revolved around her husband and when the source of her adversity rooted from him it created a mix of emotions that she couldnt handle. It is clear that she was loyal and loved her husband, so for her to kill him was only a lapse of good judgement. This lapse of judgement reveals that she makes poor decisions in times of misfortune.Similar to Mary, Prince Prosperoin Edgar Allen Poes The Masque of Red Death, also makes foolish choices. His efforts of seeking peace and health from behind his walls are pointless in that death still manage

Work Place Rewards

Work Place Rewards Introduction Organizations and companies experience a lot of challenges in attracting and retaining quality productive work force. They are faced with the problem of wanting to maintain and to make their employees satisfied to tap their optimum productivity and their ideas while at the same time make them creative and satisfied while keeping them motivated and satisfied.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Work Place Rewards specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations have been widely studied and there has been an understanding that they can bring change in organizations. There are various forms of motivation techniques that are employed by companies like motivational salary and fewer hours of working. Other factors such as strong communication in the organization, recognition, added responsibility and achievement are also factors that can motivate employees (Reeve, 2009). Workplace environment i mpacts on the engagement, productivity, and morale of employees positively and negatively. In the modern work environment, companies cannot afford to waste their potential workforce. The primary factors in the workplace that can impact on the performance and the productivity of the employees are rewards and motivation. These affect the productivity, morale and engagement. In order to motivate employees, various companies have implemented several practices like performance-based employment and salary increase as the primary incentives. The workplace factors that affect performance are illustrated in the following diagram. (Oyedele, 2011)Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Assessment of a department according to goal setting, performance evaluation and reward My analysis of my company or organization will be focused on the sales department: sales department and its sta ff are mainly responsible for the public relations of the company, customer services, client relationship as well as sales and promotion of the company. Working in the sales department requires candidates who are highly skilled, particularly in the areas of communication, understanding of various concepts and ability of an individual to interact and network. It also demands for enthusiasm and sales and marketing skills. The organization utilizes the one-on-one oriented reward system whereby the manager rewards a person or individual team member for achieving the sales target. Other reward incentives for the company are the rewarding of the sales team of the month which serves to motivate employees who work well as a team and who realize their sales target. In the organization, goals are set by individuals as opposed to the team members’ or the team leaders. The goals set should be operational, realistic and applicable. Individual sales members can collaborate and decide on th e relevant goals that are appropriate for their work function. The organization’s reward system is effective but there is a problem of enforcing the rules and the regulation that are needed in the promotion of prosperity and reward system. The managers in the organization should move beyond the reward system and reinforcement, and instead they should find out as what can intrinsically motivate employees. Extrinsic rewards are an indication that personal gain is imminent and the situations taken are considered to be a turn for the better (Reeve, 2009). Major tasks of the department of the job: does it cultivate intrinsic motivation Motivation is a process that can arouse, energize, stimulate and sustain a behavior as well as performance. It is considered as a way of stimulating people to action and work towards the realization of a particular goal. Effective motivation is the best way of stimulating people, and money is considered to be an unmatched motivator together with oth er incentives.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Work Place Rewards specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of the greatest aspects of intrinsic rewards is job satisfaction and if an individual is not satisfied with his job then the performance will drop and get affected hence damaging and impacting negatively on-the-job performance of the team and the organization. Praise and recognition are given to an employee for any task or job that is well and positively done, but it should be noted that the existence of an autonomy and responsibility is a form of extrinsic motivation and reward. Consequently, individual development both at the career and personal levels is considered to be a form of intrinsic reward (Reeve, 2009). Employees engage in certain behaviors in order to receive rewards and people expect rewards when they take part in a particular behavior; when people expect rewards, then it undermines their intrinsic mo tivation but unexpected rewards do not undermine intrinsic motivation. Rewards have the ability to interfere with the quality of performance, but it can affect the flexibility of the work since when rewards are stopped, the employees quit after attaining the criterion. Incentives, rewards and consequences have benefits but extrinsic rewards do not have any impact or facilitating effect. Intrinsic motivation has the effect of making uninteresting task interesting. When the employees are motivated, they get to have a conceptual understanding of what they are expected to do, this is because intrinsic motivation enhances flexibility in the thinking of the employees. When employees are extrinsically motivated they get to learn how to integrate information in a flexible and conceptual manner (Reeve, 2009). There is the believe that intrinsic motivators have a high psychological cost and impact in terms of intrinsic motivation, process of learning, self-regulation and quality of learning. Motivation in the workplace may be realized by maintaining a strong reward system. Every individual or employee demands a particular degree of motivation in order to perform their tasks in the workplace environment.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Absence of motivation makes procrastination worse and reduces employee morale, and it might cause conflict. Motivation enables workers to work efficiently and productively (Grant Shin, 2011). The company-wide rewards like bonus or profit sharing, praise or recognition Motivation is a necessity in life situation, in a workplace; motivation plays a critical role in leadership performance and success. Salary and promotion have been considered as the main two ways of motivating employees. Employees also get motivated when they are treated well. Loyalty and recognition are the key element in the motivation of workers in order to motivate productivity. Employees are also motivated through praise. Motivation is a psychological process, and it is therefore, an important element of behavior, and it can be used to predict or regulate or model a behavior (Reeve, 2009). Rewards are portrayed to have direct relationships and ability to attract, retain and motivate employees. Employee behavior s hould be reflected in work satisfaction and performance (Grant Shin, 2011). Praise functions as an extrinsic event that has the effect to motivate and motivate individual behavior and serve to inform the competence about a job well done. Any supervisor who uses praise to communicate to its workers and congratulate the employees for a job well done will act as a motivator. Praise can be communicated in a controlled manner and will have the effect of tagging a tone of pressure among the employees. Praise itself does not have a motivational effect, but it is the way it is administered that brings the motivational effect (Reeve, 2009). Bonus can instigate good performance. Employees are provided with bonus when they exceed expectations in order to motivate them to work higher (Oyedele, 2011). The very tangible way where the employers can motivate their employees is through the institutionalizing of the incentive and reward system. These serve to pay performance. Monetary incentives are considered the best by managers since it reinforces performance and good ideas. With the incentives system, the employees can record high levels of performance and job satisfaction. Bonuses, for example, are made under the system and basis of employee output (Oyedele, 2011). Using goals: what goals are set, how they are set and how effective can they be Goals and the setting of goals is a very important task for the organization. People with goals outshine those without goals, and people perform better when they have goals that motivate them. There is always a need for goal specificity, which should guide the performer about what he intents to do. Vague goals are irrelevant and there is a need to specify the goal in good and realistic numerical time frames. Goals should be specific because they draw attention to what needs to be done and at what time, it also helps in reducing the ambiguity in thought and the variability in employee performance. Goals are necessary because they inf orm the performer on what to do specifically and where and when to concentrate. Goals are fundamental because they enable an individual to revise an already tested strategy through undertaking and creating an improved strategy. Goals motivate as well as increasing the ability and capability of the individual (Reeve, 2009). Goal setting translates into an effective and increased performance based on the context of feedback; they enable the individual to keep track on what is happening and their progress towards the set goals. For an employee to perform better there is a need for feedback and a goal that will enable him to maximize performance. Goal acceptance is a critical variable in the setting of goals, and it is undertaken in the context of interpersonal relationships where individual attempts to provide others to the goal. Goals improve performance only once they are internalized. Workplace leaders, for example, improve the capability of their employees by providing or drafting a compelling vision for the company’ future. Goals can be realized when there are incentives or rewards that are extrinsic. Incentives like money, scholarship and public recognition have the power to influence the witness by assigning measurable goals. Goals can be short-term or long term. The following are necessary considerations in the setting of goals: identify the goals to be established or accomplished and define goal difficulty. One main aim of attaining objectives is to establishing goals or goal setting. Effective goal setting entails the following sequential procedure (Reeve, 2009). Mental simulation is not fantasies for success or wishful thinking. There is a difference between goal content and the process of attaining the goal. Mental simulation focuses on the production of goal-oriented action. For any goal to be accomplished, a lot of time must be spent in planning how to attain them since planning is an integral part of a goal-oriented performance. Several peop le fail to realize their goals because they do not establish the specific action plans on how to attain the goals, they also fail to specify on when to initiate the goal-oriented action as well as failing to specify how they can ensure their goal-oriented persistence in face and times of interruptions and disruptions. Goals that are set should be implementable and there should be an implementation intention before they are established or set in order to bring them into fruition. There are goal setting and goal striving strategies and sequences that should be followed, the sequences in the realization of goal setting are: specifying the objectives, defining the difficulty, clarifying the goal specificity and specifying the time frame. The steps on goal striving strategies are: check on the acceptance of the goal, discuss the goal, attainment strategies, create the implementation intentions and provide the performance feedback. Regular tracking of goals provides an opportunity for imm ediate feedback and enables the workers to make adjustments in the performance plans and to tackle any emerging obstacles (Oyedele, 2011). Conclusion The performance of the employees is related to the degree of their motivation, and this has led to various employees’ management methods like the Gantt’s task and bonus wage. Motivation acts as a catalyst that can spur the eagerness of en employee to work. Motivation can be positive or negative. Motivation can be effective to an employee or to a group of employees. It should be understood that work motivation is psychological, and it only serves to direct, to energize and to maintain action-oriented job, task or project. Reward system should be designed in a manner that can be in conformity with the strategies of a company in question. A rewarded behavior is prone to be repeated. References Grant, A. M., Shin, J. (2011). Work motivation: Directing, energizing, and maintaining effort (and research). Forthcoming in R. M. R yan (Ed.), Oxford handbook of motivation. London, UK: Oxford University Press. Oyedele, O. (2011). How Managers can motivate their Employees. Science Topics. Web. Reeve, J. (2009). Understanding motivation and emotion. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons.

ART Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

ART - Essay Example There is asymmetrical balance in the figure since the artist used lighter colors at the front with dull shads at the background to illustrate the use of depth. Forms have been used to illustrate the volume and mass of the portrayed 3-diemensional object that occupies a larger positive space making the entire painting asymmetrical. The artist has well used patterns, which involves random repetition of shapes and other elements. Patterns will mostly occur in nature with artists using similar repeated motifs to create the required shape (Loupton and Philips, 28). Therefore, pattern is used to enhance visual excitement by enriching the surface interests. In the artwork in question, there is deliberate repetition of forms to create rhythm through reflection of the main artwork. Visual movement in the art work is used by the artist in directing the viewer through their intended work to a focal point, which functions as the point of interest. Movement is achieved by use of lines edges, shap es and colors in creating different values (Natomas High School, 2002). In the artwork in question contrast, shapes, and color are used to create this movement where the viewer is taken to the main figure, and its continuous reflection, with color value and contrast used to a mirage that resembles a pool of water. The artwork thus enriched through contrast. Contrast is the difference in values, texture, color, shapes and other elements that result into visual excitement, and adds to interest towards the artwork. This prevents having the same color value that would result to monotony and boredom of the artwork (Natomas High School, 2002). Image 7 The painting uses lines and contrast resulting into the effects of multiplicity and unity of figures that interact to bring about a single interactive artwork. Color has been extensively used in the painting to create dominance and contrast. The red color on the foreground creates an effect of danger, with red signifying blood. The use of sh apes and forms such the human head at the front with color red from its nose signifies death where the head and the body separate. The entire unity of picture thus brings about the feeling of conflict, chaos and disharmony, with items in the artwork scattered all over to indicate disharmony. The contrast caused by the red coloring at the foreground and the background results into a good balance. There is a good balance of visual effects using value contrast; the light intensity is uniform in the painting leading to the background images that have the same message as the activities on the foreground reflecting conflict. The conflict and disharmony is further amplified using color and lines. This leads to flow, where the painting seems to flow away from its frame area to reflect dynamism, and blood flowing reflecting conflict. The color value and temperature contrast used creates a 3-D artistic work. Pattern is evident in the artwork. Forms have been repeated over and over both planne d and random repetitions enhanced by variation of lines and color to create richness in the art work as can be observed from the forms of clothes spread all over. The high contrast used creates clarity to amplify conflict and disorder in the artwork. Visual movement is achieved using forms at the background; where two men are walking past a woman at the center, and the overflowing blood all that integrates to create the

Socio-cultural Influences on Consumption Japan Speech or Presentation

Socio-cultural Influences on Consumption Japan - Speech or Presentation Example Shintoism and Buddhism are the major religions in Japan. Some people practice both, as the religions complement each other in many ways. Coming to the language, Japanese is official and widely used, even in case of business communication. Interpreters do the translation in case of language-handicap experienced with overseas business clientele. They expect their language to be valued, even while using it for business, promotional or packaging purposes. People are respected by age and the ancestors are worshipped in Japan. Extended families consisting of uncles, aunts and grandparents were of common occurrence until recent years, when the hike in real estate prices made nuclear families more feasible. However, all the relatives meet up during festivals. Thus, the consumption pattern of the consumers have changed based on the variations in the family structure. Food is an essential part of Japanese culture. The head or the eldest or the most important person is allowed to start the meal first. Soup is an accompaniment, rather than being a starter and slurping noodles even in formal meetings is usual. Japanese remain communicate less while eating, because mealtime is meant for enjoying food. Their food philosophy is of total well-being, termed as Shokuiku. Brief cereal breakfasts, packed or bought lunches and detailed dinners with family are common (International Markets Bureau, 2010). Japanese consumers hold certain taboos, which need consideration in understanding their behavior. Saying ‘no’ is not of common practice in Japan. Pointing anything with chopsticks; usage of number ‘4’; white shirt, black trousers and black suit; exchanging food with chopsticks, etc., remind them of death and funeral and thus, these gestures must be avoided (kwintessential, 2004). Harmony and cooperation are the values that are promot ed in Japan. Education, home and business settings revolve around working with others, being polite even in case of disagreement and learning to live in collaboration. Thus, the societal norms in Japan are community oriented. Diligence and empathy are part and parcel of their behavior, which places the thoughts and feelings of others, before one’s own (Kogler, 2006). People assist others who need their help, by putting aside their own job at hand and they feel embarrassed when they are not in a condition to do the needful. This again reflects the emphasis on consumer service orientation and apt response to command and authority of the employees in the nation (kwintessential, 2004). The code of conduct for businesses in Japan essentially emphasizes courtesy, compassion and consideration. Maintaining a business card in Japanese, exchanging it on important occasions and treasuring those extended by the others form a part of this protocol of reverence. While attending a business gathering, everyone is expected to look well-groomed, formal and be punctual (kwintessential, 2004). Establishing long-term business relations is preferred to immediate

Fat Substitute Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Fat Substitute - Essay Example The U.S. Food and Drug Administration affirms the safety of using fat-substitutes, however, the warning on fat-modified food by P & G stating "Olestra may cause abdominal cramping and loose stools† raises health concerns over the use of such foods (Glausiusz, 2001). Keeping the obesity statistics in view, fat modified foods are less likely to impact human’s health than does the fattening food itself. Obesity is being identified as a cause of millions of deaths around the globe. Fat-modified food, on the other hand, is not considered to have any known side-effects causing major health issues. The abdominal cramps and upsets are found to be miscalculated and wrongly hypothesized when study of University of North Carolina was conducted over a span of 3200 samples. Akoh, on the other hand, produced low-fat diets that dissolve the fatty acid chains and are said to decrease cholesterol levels significantly. Hence, the different fat substitutes are functioning in various different ways that are not harming health of individuals but rather providing ways to improve their well-being and dietary inconsistencies. The claim on the viability and negative outcomes of fat-modified foods seem to be vague. None of the studies provide a significant and visible deterioration of health. However, in the short run, much of the research conducted shows positive impact on human health, reduced cholesterol levels and maintenance of people’s food cravings with the tastes that they ever admired. Hence, fat-modified food provides a substitute to the unhealthy and high-fat diets causing physical, mental, medical, emotional and social disruptions in the wider

Oliver Ellsworth Essay Example for Free

Oliver Ellsworth Essay I, Oliver Ellsworth representative of Connecticut, propose that the basis of representation in the legislative branch remain by state as under the Articles of Confederation. I support the system of government that maintains the principle of local rule and I understand central government as the body that will strengthen the rights of property and the harmony of the republic, therefore I claim â€Å"we† are partly national and partly federal. Under this I shall introduce the resolution with my ally Roger Sherman along with William S. Johnson, The Great Compromise, breaking the deadlock between the large and small states over representative, allowing United States senators to be elected by state legislature. I do agree with Randolph’s notion of a three-fold division, but move to strike the phrase, â€Å"national government† into â€Å"government of the United States. I also advise that the House of Representatives be chosen or elected every year as Roger Sherman will also come to agree with. Favoring the three-fifths compromise on the enumeration of slaves, I do although; oppose the abolition of the foreign slave trade. Slaveholders from Maryland and Virginia can afford to oppose the slave trade, because slaves multiply accordingly fast in Virginia and Maryland, it is cheaper to raise then import them, whilst in the sickly rice swamps [of South Carolina and Georgia] foreign supplies are necessary. Ending the slave trade can also benefit slave-owners in the Chesapeake region, since the demand for slaves in other parts of the South will increase the price of slaves once the external supply is cut off. Then, shall I concur that in order for individual rights to be protected â€Å"we† must help shape America with an independent judiciary and as system of federalism. -Oliver Ellsworth, Connecticut Representative.

British Telecom Essay -- GCSE Business Management Studies Essays

British Telecom My aim in this investigation is to discuss whether or not British Telecom has successfully grown and developed since its Privatisation to compete on a world scale. In addition to this has it any long-term strategies for future growth and development of products. According to the 1996 Budget Red Book, more than 50 major businesses have been privatised since 1979 and the state owned sector of industry has been reduced be two-thirds. British Telecom was privatised in 1984, with no major restructuring. This meant that a public monopoly was transferred directly into private hands, this natural monopoly benefited from having economies of scale. Of course this move had it's advantages but there were also disadvantages. These were mainly among the staff who now had much less of an 'easy time' in work. Not only this but as a result of privatisation the company obviously became cost effective and jobs were lost in order to reduce costs. 'Privatisation is seen as a way of reasserting consumer sovereignty, raising standards of provision, of increasing efficiency and of reducing costs.' There are many reasons to why the Government chose a course of denationalisation. State monopolies create inefficiency, are poor in innovation and restrict consumer choice; instead of the consumer being sovereign, power has been transferred to the state and its bureaucracies. Before privatisation all nationalised companies had to have their expenditure passed by the Treasury, because of this they found it difficult to raise money. During these years almost 250,000 people who wanted a new phone line couldn't get them and BT didn't know what to charge the people who did have them. Privatisation gave companies t... ...nge' from Mercury and have seen their share price rise from an initial 130p back in 1984 to an incredible 1351p now. BT, while being a natural monopoly in Britain realise that their position is being challenged. Although their share of the land-line market has still nearly been all encompassing they have seen that the market as a whole decrease as almost half of the UK population have gone out and bought mobile phones. In answer to this threat BT have taken up a strong position in the mobile phone market themselves, competing alongside the big guns such as Orange and Vodafone. Through several acquisitions they have established themselves as a leading company with 7 million UK customers and very sound plans for the future, which they see as being a unification of the latest mobile phone technology along with the immense power the Internet has to offer.

A Man without Ambition is Like a Woman without Beauty

All the process of human development is led by the man, to my mind. Maybe I would be blamed by some kind of feminists, but I’m totally convinced of this statement. The most of great explores, inventions, technologies were created by men. As a consequence , I can agree with the expression of Frank Harris, that â€Å"a man without ambition is like a woman without beauty†.Considering the man as the leading power of history, I can confess that they couldn’t go forward without ambition. Only good sense of ambition can make a man to be an outstanding person.To reach the top of development and flourishing of society, we should carefully divide the roles of   the man and the woman. Of course it doesn’t mean that everybody must be similar. Jjust I think it will be better if a man remains a man and a woman remains a woman. I’m persuaded of the statement that a man is to have ambitions.For example, being young he should try to choose some goal of his life an d improve himself to reach it as soon as possible. The main role in succeeding belongs to his healthy ambition.If a man is ambitious enough, nothing will stop him. A woman, in her turn, must be the well-spring of a men’s inspiration. That’s why she should be beautiful, thoughtful, smart and kind. If it is such an order in our life, men will win the world.Applying to the history, we can remember the love-story of Napoleon and his wife Josephine. Napoleon became a legend because of his great ambition. He was so determined, so strong person that stayed in memory forever.Josephine was unusual person, too. She was not only a really beautiful woman, but she was wise and clever enough to share all Napoleon’s ideas and aims. I think it was also her triumphs which her husband had come to. It’s obvious, that his astonishing ambitions were inspired by Josephine too.To have an ambition means that one has a sense of self-reliance, strong desire to succeed, to do his b est and to get his dream, to make something remarkable.What will happen to a man without ambition? To my point of view, he won’t succeed in his life at all. Such a man will just join a big number of average people and at least disappear without leaving anything special. Unfortunately, there are a lot of such men. They never strive for any goal, because of the leak of ambition.Summarizing the whole ideas, I can say that a man should bring his ambition up. This feature of character is a particularly the men’s one.   A man without ambition can’t be admired and respected, can’t become a special person and can’t move the world’s history forward.All the greatest men of the centuries were ambitious persons. So if a man wants to be one of them, he should choose the most complicated way and follow it without hesitating.   

Multinational companies Essay

To a lesser extent, multinational corporation such as Wal-Mart are harmful to the global economy. Multinational corporation is a corporation or company that is registered in more than one country or that has operations in two or more countries. Global economy generally refers to the economy, which is based on economies of all of the world’s countries’ national economies. Also, global economy can be seen as the economy of global society and national economics. Globalization is the process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale. Wal-Mart is an example of globalization due to the fact that Wal-Mart is present in multiple countries and it unites foreign countries with jobs. Sam Walton founder of Wal-Mart was born in 1918 in Kingfisher, Oklahoma. Mr. Walton opened the first Wal-Mart in 1962 at the age of 44 in Rogers, Arkansas. Sam Walton died in 1992. Mr. Walton left many objects and knowledge behind; one thing was this quote â€Å"If we work together, we’ll lower the cost of living for everyone, we’ll give the world an opportunity to see what it’s like to save and have a better life. † In short this meant Wal-Mart was going to build better customer service for its shoppers and they were going to improve the communities that it was present in. The real question is, did Wal-Mart actually do what they said they would do? Wal-Mart may have contributed thousands of jobs. They have even claimed that they supported the communities, and of course kept prices low so you could save. However to a lesser extent multinational corporation such as Wal-Mart is harmful to the global economy because Wal-Mart creates contaminations and destroys many communities. Wal-Marts main goal is to try to make as much money as possible. For example the company has been caught cutting corners. Also they have been irrational to their employees. Multinational corporations such as Wal-Mart are irrational to the employees because many managers or corporate staffs are racist or sexist to their employees. Wal-Mart does not have the appropriate benefits that an employee needs. They also have immoral pay with horrible hours to go with it. Wal-Mart has been racist to their employees, by insulting them verbally with stereotypical traits that fall from their heritage. For example they have used racial wording to black people. They have also been sexist to woman by putting them down and not giving them the proper rewards they so desperately work for. A example of this is a woman denied a mangers position because she was a woman. The employees’ benefits are immoral. Most employees have to seek government funding to support their families. Most employees get there minimum wage of there province or territory which is not so bad, however the manager gives the full time and part time employees hardly any hours, to try to keep the store’s budget low. Multinational corporations such, as Wal-Mart, destroy part of the environment and community that they are present in. The Wal-Mart franchise causes small businesses to shut down. Their own parking lots are not safe and the stores pollute public rivers and streams. With their low prices and low operating cost small business cannot compete with those prices. Because of this those businesses cannot make money and fall apart. They have sold their store at a lower price then intended because when a Wal-Mart shows up relaters know buildings will become vacant and almost un able to sell unless at a lower price. Wal-Mart stores pollute rivers and streams by leveeing out pesticides in their parking lots. From that action when weather changings it can cause the harmful chemicals to drip of the product and find it way in to a cities drinking water. In the stores they have cameras to catch what ever is going on, however outside they due not. From this poor choice many crimes have been committed out side the stores own doors such as rape and murder. Also they don’t have someone monitoring the cameras so if something happens, another person would have to help or report it. Multinational corporations such as Wal-Mart cut corners. Wal-Mart has many sweatshops around the world with inhuman working conditions. Those employees have absolutely no benefits and Wal-Mart use child labor. In the factories, they are mostly located in third world areas, the factories have no air conditioning, unreasonable hours of work with less then a dollar a day for pay. Also in some factories you are almost forced to live with your coworkers in a tiny room with hardly anything to save on money. The pay is even worse for kids because to Wal-Mart they are more expendable. To a lesser extent Multinational Corporation such as Wal-Mart is harmful to the global economy. Due to the fact that Wal-Mart is racist and sexist to their employees, it does not have the appropriate benefits for their employees. They pollute rivers and streams and destroy small business in a community. Wal-Mart supports child labor and sweatshops. To conclude this position paper multinational corporations such as Wal-Mart are harmful to the global economy because they their true colors of who they are and that all they want to do at the end of the day is make money.

Effect of Labour Turnover on Organisational Productivity Essay Example

Effect of Labour Turnover on Organisational Productivity Essay Example Effect of Labour Turnover on Organisational Productivity Essay Effect of Labour Turnover on Organisational Productivity Essay EFFECT OF LABOUR TURNOVER ON ORGANISATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY 1 INTRODUCTION The practice of human resource management (HRM) is concerned with all aspects of how people are employed and managed in an organisation (Armstrong, 2009). The strategic business function organ of the organisation sees to the inflow and outflow of employees in the organisaiton. The HRM function of directing the organisation system to ensure that human talents are used effectively to accomplish desired goals is very crucial, thereby not left ignored. Organisations zealous about growth would always intend to develop their respective current human capital and other potentials. But in this world of frequent upgrade and innovations in the business environment and the technological ways of doing things, organisations would commit themselves towards bringing their workforce to the task requiring intellectual and manual growth and development. The idea behind this would be to intensify the additional productivity generated by extra employee hired. All these put together would amount to organisations being cost conscious in making sure that employees with high human capital do not leave their organisations. But in order to be realistic, organizations cannot be everything to all people. No matter how great your company is, it is likely that some of your employees will eventually move on to other opportunities. That may be costing you a lot and affecting your well enjoyed stabilized organization productivity. Labour or worker or employee or staff turnover has it is often referred to, is the number of permanent employees leaving the company within the reported period versus the number of actual Active Permanent employees on the last day of the previous reported period (physical headcount). According to Business Dictionary (2011), the ratio of the number of employees that leave a company through attrition, dismissal, or resignation during a period to the number of employees on payroll during the same period makes up what is referred to as Labour Turnover. An employee leaving the organization either voluntarily or involuntarily is certain to have positive or negative effects on the organization. This as well would reflect on the productivity of the organization concerned. In other words, high turnover can be harmful to a companys productivity if skilled workers are often leaving and the worker population contains a high percentage of novice workers (Open Forum, 2011). This is especially the case if those leaving are either key to its success and continuity or do so because they think you have treated them unfairly, which could result in tribunal claims (Business Link, 2011). This means maintaining the satisfactory level of productivity might be threatened. Therefore curbing turnover to its optimal level for the organization is a major challenge. However, the research on the consequences of labour turnover is inconclusive, and provides little guidance on how much turnover, if any, is optimal (Siebert, 2006). It hereby leaves us wondering what optimal number is needed for the organization’s best productivity. As turnover even poses to be a major and widely studied organizational behavior phenomenon, it fosters why researchers are becoming interested in it more. It is a phenomenon that not just affects a company, occupation or industry, but an issue tackled by organizations all around the world. This is because at one employee’s voluntary or involuntary time they would have to leave the organization. (Abelson 1987; Campion 1991). 1. 2 STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEM Labour turnover as noticed, if not looked into, could eat deep into the profitability and threaten the sustainability of any organization. As a global challenge as well mandatory confrontation of the technological and environmental diversities which organizations have to face, many brows are raised on its persistence. The Nigerian insurance sector has not been left out as labour turnover has been disrupting their services and relatively their organization productivity. The Human Resource Managers and the executives of these organizations have always been on their toes to proffer solutions to labour turnover. The consciousness of hiring, monetary and time cost recorded when highly frequent labour turnover occurs; thereby affecting productivity which makes this a problem that begs for answer. Organizations lose not just financially, or in productivity when they have an employee with huge human capital permanently departing from their organization. This could have been due to avoidable or unavoidable reasons. The technological and business demands of electronic dealings have also affected ways in which operations are carried out in the Nigerian insurance industry. Some new fresh ideas have been witnessed with the opportunities for new transfers and promotions, but those still have to be compared to the contributions or reductions which are now available. This study would look into how the effects of the voluntary or involuntary labour turnover have impacted on the productivity level of the organization observed. As well to what extent, the organizations need to plan in anticipating an optimal level of labour human capital that can yield the needed productivity in the Nigerian insurance sector which is becoming labour shortages. 1. 3 LITERATURE REVIEW Employee turnover has benefits and costs for organizational performance (Ableson Baysinger, 1984). But a study is not just being carried out to have the positive sides analysed. The human resource management literature has traditionally viewed labour turnover in a negative light. Human capital theories of labour turnover point to loss of firm-specific human and social capital (Dess and Shaw 2001). This negative view is supported by the results of several empirical studies. For example, Huselid (1995) finds high labour turnover negatively linked to labour productivity in his sample of 968 U. S. firms. Also Baron, Hannan and Burton (2001) find turnover to be â€Å"disruptive† in their study of hi-tech start-ups in California in the early 1990s. Many studies have concentrated on quits specifically, and have found a negative impact of quits on firm performance, as in Batt (2002) for U. S. call centres, McElroy, Morrow and Rude (2001) for branches of a U. S. financial company, etc. But some have since been reporting the optimistic side of the coin. Job matching theory (Jovanovic, 1979) predicts that workers less suitable for the organisation would result into leaving it earlier; hence, there is room for labour turnover to improve performance (productivity) by clearing the workforce of poor worker-job matches. In the same vain, McEvoy and Cascio’s (1987) meta-analysis of twenty-four reported correlations between performance and turnover concluded that ‘good performers are †¦ less likely to leave †¦ than are poor performers’, which supports the main prediction of job matching theory (p. 758). Williams and Livingstone’s (1994) further meta-study of turnover supported McEvoy and Cascio (1987) and proved an even stronger negative relationship between worker individual performance and voluntary turnover when pay is contingent on the organisation’s productivity. Ilmakunnas, Maliranta and Vainiomaki (2005) report a positive impact of turnover on total factor productivity growth in Finnish manufacturing. However, the Nigerian insurance sector may be faced with such ups and downs as regards to impact of labour turnover on organisation productivity. But relatively unlike most of the research on the topic, Bingley and Westergaard-Nielsen (2004) look at hires and quits simultaneously in their study of personnel policies and profit in a panel of 7,118 Danish organisations over 1992-95. In contrast to the popular result, they conclude that quits increase profit and hires reduce it. They argue, consistently with job matching theory that the least productive workers are more likely to leave. The finding on hires is interpreted in terms of turnover costs, since hires incur recruitment and training costs. Thus, reconciliation of job matching and human capital theories of labour turnover is assisted by distinguishing between quits and hires a path we will follow. Those were observed by W. Stanley Siebert, Nikolay Zubanov, Arnaud Chevalier, Tarja Viitanen (2006). The case of a firm in the Nigerian insurance sector on the impact of labour turnover on productivity may take along the practice of the HRM. Guthrie (2001) found a dichotomy in the impact of turnover on productivity depending on the type of human resource management (HRM) system in the organisation. Glebbeek and Bax (2004) using data from offices of a temporary employment agency in the Netherlands over 1995-98 indeed find an inverted U-shape relationship between worker turnover and productivity. The same relationship between labour turnover and productivity is reported in a study of 2,435 workplaces in Australia over 1995-97, by Harris, Tang and Tseng (2002). However, Shaw, Gupta and Delery (2005: 61) report the opposite result for U. S. and Canadian concrete plants and U. S. transportation companies, where they conclude that the relationship between voluntary turnover and workforce performance is ‘negative but becomes attenuated as turnover increases’. This particular study, however, would look into ups and downs earlier known to rock an organisation’s productivity if it has employee turnover. Particularly, an organisation in the Nigerian insurance industry being studied if the earlier affirmations can be upheld or restructured to show our society’s diversified business environment. 1. 4 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study is to achieve the following: i. To affirm the relationship between labour turnover and organization productivity. ii. To investigate the impact of business diversities requirement like technology amounting to organization productivity on labour turnover. iii. To investigate how organisations can reduce unfavourable labour turnover on productivity. iv. To examine labour turnover impact on MBLA 1. 5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS The following are the research questions developed for the course of this study. They are: i. Does Nigerian insurance sector witness labour turnover? ii. Is labour turnover a challenge to organization? iii. Is organization productivity disrupted when organization labour turnover takes place? iv. Does an organization have any positive productivity advantage when labour turnover occurs? v. Are there measures of curbing labour turnover when organization sees it could halt productivity? 1. 6 STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESES The hypotheses to be used in validating this study project are stated as follows: H0: There is no significant relationship between the labour turnover and organization productivity of MBLA. H0: There is a significant relationship between labour turnover and organization productivity of MBLA. H0: There is no impact on labour turnover and organization productivity of MBLA H0 : There is an impact of labour turnover on organization productivity of MBLA. . 7 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The significance of this study is tailored towards the evaluation, analysis and addition to the current existing body of knowledge. It would assist the human resource managers in capturing adverse labour turnover effect which could halt their organization’s effectiveness and efficiency. Knowing the costly effect of an unchecked labour turnover on the organization productivity, t his study would help HR managers on other logical steps to militate against employee turnover. The recommendations can be used in helping organizations not just in the Nigerian insurance sector but as well other sectors of the economy. By using this study different organization can reduce the rate of employee turnover and increase their productivity and profitability. 1. 8 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 1. 8. 2 Population of the Study Due to the uneasy access to the entire population of this study, a sample would be drawn up. According to Levin and Rubin, (2002), a population is the whole collection of all elements that a research is studying and from which generalization will be drawn from. The study would make use of a branch of MBLA and a generalisation would be utilized. However the organisation has about 500 staff with about 15 of them taking charge of the executive functions of the company. Also the administrative functions are run by over 60 of their staff. Besides, the other population are either their marketers or ther junior workers. 1. 8. 3 Sampling and Sampling Techniques With application of a stratified sampling, the employees of the organisation would be unbiasedly picked. This would be enforced among both the senior and junior employees of the organisation. All these effort is to have a reasonable conclusion from which generalisation would be ascertained. 1. 8. 4 Strategy for the Collection of Data The primary data generation would be through dissemination of quesstionaires and some other additional interview briefs. The other earlier publications would be added to have a concrete information. These would be used in getting the necessary source of data in generating findings on the impact of labour turnover on organisation productivity in the Nigerian insurance sector. 1. 8. 5 Data Presentation The new advancement in statistical analysis, SPSS, would be utilized in presenting the data generated. The mean, median, mode, frequency and percentiles would be explored for a clearer data presentation 1. 8. 6 Test of the Conjuctural Statement With the use correlation, regression and t-test, the hypotheses of the study would be put to test. 1. 9 SYNOPSIS The outline of this five-study would wear the face of having the first chapter introducing the topic and its subject matter of labour turnover and its corresponding effect on organisation productivity. Also, the second chapter of the study would contain the prior knowledge and study done on this topic. From this some theories and standings of previous scholars would be incorporated into this particular present topic. Besides that, the third chapter would have the methodology to apply in carrying out this study. The instruments and sources of data that would be applied at MBLA in assuring that the right information are gathered within the confinement of the ethical stands, in other to have a good research work in the study. However, the fourth study would look at the data presented and analysed in the format that is generally acceptable. This would enhance the genuineness of this study. Also, the fifth chapter would see to the conclusion and recommendation of the project. This is where the findings and results of the study would be concluded and any recommendation suitable for MBLA and other organisations of its kind would be issued for their discretional adoption. REFERENCES businesslink. gov. uk/bdotg/action/detail? itemId=1074411249=RESOURCES penforum. com/idea-hub/topics/money/article/the-high-cost-of-employee-turnover-scott-allen Batt, R. 2002. Managing customer services: Human resource practices, quit rates, and sales growth. Academy of Management Journal, 45: 587–597. Batt, R. , Colvin, A. J. S. , Keefe, J. 2002. Employee voice, human resource practices, and quit rates: Evidence from the telecommunications industry. Industrial and Labour Relations Review, 55: 573–594. Becker, B. , Huselid, M. 2006. Strategic human resource management: Where do we go from here? Journal of Management, 32: 898–925. GHAURI, P. GRONHAUG, K. (2002),†Research Methods in Business Studies: a practical guide, London, Prentice Hall† GREEN, F. , FELSTEAD, A. , MAYHEW, K. PACK, A. (2000),†The impact of training on labour mobility: individual and firm-level evidence from Britain† British Journal of Industrial Relations, 38, 26 1-275. James K. Harter, Frank L. Schmidt, Theodore L. 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